Wednesday, May 16, 2012

When The Fed Cuts Rates, Why Don't Mortgage Rates Go Down?

Federal Reserve Interest Rates History - When The Fed Cuts Rates, Why Don't Mortgage Rates Go Down?
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A lot of population think that the Federal retain sets interest rates. In reality, the interest rates you pay for auto loans, prestige cards and mortgages are not set by the Federal Reserve. However, the Federal retain does sway interest rates indirectly by setting what is known as the Federal Funds Target Rate. Here is how it works.

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The Federal retain meets usually to monitor what is known as the Federal Funds Target Rate. At each meeting, they rule whether to raise, lower or keep the rate the same. In reality, the rate is a target. The real rate changes daily, but it is all the time close to the target set by the Fed. The Fed Funds Rate is the rate that banks charge each other for overnight loans. If First Bank is short on funds, they will borrow money from Second Bank at a rate set by the Federal Reserve, commonly called the Fed Funds Rate. Banks are required to keep a certain estimate of money in retain whether as a deposit with one of the Federal retain banks or as cash in the vault. They can lend the rest out. If the retain requirements are 10%, for example, the bank cannot close for the day if it only has 9.5% reserves. To fill the gap, the bank needs to borrow money to bring its reserves to 10%. The best way to meet the retain requirements -- and do it fast -- is to borrow money from a fellow bank that happens to have excess reserves. Second Bank loans the money to First Bank, charges interest and everybody is happy. Understanding the Fed Funds Rate is key to Understanding why a rate cut by the Federal retain does not automatically follow in lower mortgage rates.

Now let's take a look at how speculation groups dealing in mortgages do business. They convince pension fund managers, insurance clubs and the like to spend money in their speculation fund. They then turn colse to and loan that money to population like you and me who need mortgages. Most often, they turn colse to and sell those mortgages to Wall Street, make a tidy profit, and continue lending money to more Americans who need mortgages.

Now let's pretend that you are the manager of an speculation group. Your job is to offer mortgages to Americans at the highest rates you can get and then at once sell those mortgages to Wall Street. By doing so, you make a behalf for yourself and for your investors. It is Wall Street's job to bundle those mortgages together and slap a label on them, a label commonly referred to as "mortgage backed securities." These bundled mortgages are traded on the stock market just like stocks. As long as Wall road investors want to buy shares in these "mortgage backed securities," as the head of an speculation house, you want to sell as many mortgages as you can. The higher the rates that you charge for mortgages, the more Wall road will want to buy your mortgages.

As the head of an speculation house, will you be more implicated with the Fed funds rate (the rate banks charge other banks to borrow money), or will you be more implicated with the market performance for mortgage backed securities? You guessed it. Your former concern will be how the market is doing for what you have to sell -- mortgages. So, the mortgage backed securities market dictates the mortgage rates paid by consumers.

Using coarse sense, it is clear why the rate charged in the middle of banks on overnight loans, which are by definition very short term, does not directly sway the market for mortgages, which are long term financial instruments. The rate a bank pays to borrow money for one day isn't going to have a direct impact on money that a home owner needs to borrow for the next 30 years. It is prominent to note, however, that the bottom mortgage rates in history also occurred at a time when the Fed Funds Rate was at its lowest, so indirectly speaking, the two are related. The Fed Funds Rate affects interest rates in general, and in turn, interest rates sway the financial markets. To the extent that the Fed Funds Rate has a direct sway on the economy, the Fed Funds Rate does as a matter of fact sway mortgage interest rates. But when the Fed drops the Fed Funds Target Rate on Monday, it does not mean that mortgage interest rates will drop on Tuesday.

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